In this presentation, we journey through the evolution of production planning—from a brief historical overview to modern aggregate planning strategies and their impact on operations management. We then dive deeper into mid-term planning (also known as Master Production Scheduling), and we introduce the mathematical modeling techniques that underpin our approach. The discussion highlights the pervasive challenge of demand uncertainty and presents advanced mathematical methods illustrated with simple, relatable examples. The presentation concludes with actionable managerial insights that bridge the gap between technical depth and real-world application.